郑州大学2013年11月学位英语考试考前押题及其答案
Early or Later Day Care
The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive "attachment" period from birth to three may scar a child's personality and predispose to emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlby's work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion.
Firstly, anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parents found in modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, in some tribal societies, such as the Ngoni, the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone - far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, care-takers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neutral or slightly positive effect on children's development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.
But Bowlby's analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available evidence indicate that early care is reasonable for infants.
练习：
1. Which of the following statements would Bowlby support?
A) Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day care for children at the age of three or older. www.yingyusanji.com
B) Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children.
C) The first three years of one's life is extremely important to the later development of personality.
D) Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than children over three.
2. Which of the following is derivable from Bowlby's work?
A) mothers should not send their children to day care centers until they are three years or older.
B) Day care nurseries have positive effects on a child's development.
C) A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problems in later life.
D) Day care would not be so popular if it has noticeable effects on a child's personality.
3. It is suggested that modern societies differ from traditional societies in that
A) the parents-child relationship is more exclusive in modern societies.
B) a child more often grows up with his/her brothers or sisters in traditional societies.
C) mother brings up children with the help of her husband in traditional societies.
D) children in modern societies are more likely to develop mental illness in later years.
4. Which of the following statements is NOT an argument against Bowlby's theory?
A) many studies show that day care has a positive effect on children's development.
B) Day care is safe, otherwise there wouldn't be so many nursery schools.
C) Separation from parent for very young children is common in some traditional societies.
D) Parents find the immediate effects of early day care difficult to deal with.
5. Which of the following best expresses the writer's attitude towards early day care?
A) Children under three should stay with heir parents.
B) Early day care has positive effects on children's development.
C) The issue is controversial and its settlement calls for the use of statistics.
D) The effects of early day care on children are exaggerated and parents should ignore the issue.
Keys：CAADC
Martin Luther King Jr.
By the time the Montgomery Improvement Association chose the 26-year-old Martin Luther King Jr. as its leader, the hours-old bus boycott by the black citizens of Montgomery, Alabama, was already an overwhelming success. King would later write that his unanticipated call to leadership "happened so quickly that I did not have time to think in through." "It is probable that if I had, I would have declined the nomination."
Although press reports at the time focused on his inspiring oratory, King was actually a reluctant leader of a movement initiated by others.(The boycott began on Dec. 5 1955.) His subsequent writings and private correspondence reveal man whose inner doubts sharply contrast with his public persona. In the early days of his involvement, King was troubled by telephone threats, discord within the black community and Montgomery's "get tough" policy, to which king attributed his jailing on a minor traffic violation. One night, as he considered ways to "move out of the picture without appearing a coward," he began to pray aloud and, at that moment, "experienced the presence of the God as I had never experienced Him before."
He would later admit that when the boycott began, he was not yet firmly committed to Gandhian principles. Although he had been exposed to those teachings in college, he had remained skeptical. "I thought the only way we could solve our problem of segregation was an armed revolt," he recalled. "I felt that the Christian ethic of love was confined to individual relationships."
Only after his home was bombed in late January did king reconsider his views on violence. (At the time, he was seeking a gun permit and was protected by armed bodyguards.) Competing with each other to influence King were two ardent pacifists: Bayard Rustin, a black activist with the War Resisters League, and the Rev. Glenn E. Smiley, a white staff member of the Fellowship of Reconciliation. Rustin was shocked to discover a gun in King's house, while Smiley informed fellow pacifists that King's home was "an arsenal."
1. What did King think of his nomination as leader of the Montgomery Boycott?
A) He hadn't expected it. www.yingyusanji.com
B) He had to think about it carefully.
C) He would refuse to accept it.
D) He was prepared to accept it.
2. Why was King unwilling to lead the movement at first?
A) Because he doubted if the boycott would be successful.
B) Because he was troubled with a traffic accident at that time.
C) Because he thought he was too young to be a leader.
D) Because he himself didn't start the boycott.
3. Which of the following is Not mentioned as something that happened at the beginning of the black people's movement?
A) King was put into prison.
B) Black people disagreed with each other.
C) King's armed revolt proposal was turned down.
D) Black people found it hard to accept the policy pursued in Montgomery.
4. Which of the following was the immediate cause that made King change his view on violence?
A) The education he received in college.
B) The attack of his home.
C) The influence of two active non-violence advocates.
D) The verdict of the Supreme Court.
5. In Paragraph 4, the last sentence "King's home was 'an arsenal'" means
A) King's home was a place where people got together.
B) King's home was a place where people tested bombs.
C) King's home was a place where weapons were stored.
D) King's home was a place where bombs exploded.
Keys: ADCBC
Broadband technology is seen as the key to the new digital economy.
In this rapidly changing world, media and technology information Can be sent via phone calls and downloads like music, graphics, business information or films.
The simpler the information, the smaller the package and the narrower the bandwidth needed to deliver it.
Broadband is used for high speed Internet connections at a fixed monthly rate. It turns an exciting telephone line into a high speed digital line capable of carrying data up to 40 times conventional modem speeds.
Any download is available at the click of a mouse-there is no dial-up as there is with standard Internet Service Providers.
For home owners and families there are many advantages. One of the most important is simultaneous (同时的)access to both telephone lines and the Internet. No queses and no delay.
For businesses, broadband can impove customer relations and provide direct access to corporate e-malls and databases. Entire operations can go online.
41. The function that broadband technology has on the new digital economy is ________.
A) further
B) critical
C) costly
D) global
42. How much does a user pay if he has broadband technology installed?
A) It depends On the length of time.
B) It depends on the times of dial-up.
C) He pays at a fixed monthly rate.
D) He pays a lot of money.
43. Compared with the modem speed the broadband technology can transmit data ________.
A) at up to forty times of ordinary speed
B) much more faster
C) at a high speed
D) within a second
44. Who can take advantage of the broadband technology according to the passage?
A) Family members.
B) College students.
C) Both home owners and businessmen.
D) Only businessmen and their partners.
45. With the broadband technology companies can have all their operations done
A) during the work days.
B) during the whole week
C) online
D) offline
Keys:B C A C C
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passages:
How men first learned to invent words is unknown. In other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and thing, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agree upon certain signs, called letters which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down, Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, we call words.
The power of words, then, lies in their associations --- the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases.
1. How language began is ______.
A. a legend handed down from the past
B. a matter that is hidden and secret
C. a question difficult to answer
D. a problem not yet solved
2. Why men invented certain sounds to express thoughts and actions was that ______.
A. they could agree upon certain things.
B. They could communicate with each other
C. They could write them down
D. They could combine them
3. The meaning of words comes from their ______.
A. letters
B. differences
C. sounds
D. associations
4. By “association”, the author means ______.
A. a joining of ideas in the mind
B. a special quality
C. a strange feature
D. an appearance which is puzzling
5. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The more we read and learn, the more ignorant we are.
B. The more we read and learn, the more sensitive we become.
C. The more we read and learn, the more learned we are.
D. The more we read and learn, the more confused we will be.
Keys:C B D A C
The National Park Service
America's national parks are like old friends. You may not see them for years at a time， but just knowing they're out there makes you feel better. Hearing the names of these famous old friends -Yosemite， Yellowstone， Grand Canyon -revives memories of visits past and promotes dreams of those still to come.
From Acadia to Zion， 369 national parks are part of a continually evolving system. Ancient fossil beds， Revolutionary War battlefields， magnificent mountain ranges， and monuments to heroic men and women who molded this country are all a part of our National Park System (NPS). The care and preservation for future generations of these special places is entrusted to the National Park Service. Uniformed Rangers， the most visible representatives of the Service， not only offer park visitors a friendly wave， a helpful answer， or a thought-provoking history lesson， but also are skilled rescuers， firefighters， and dedicated resource protection professionals. The National Park Service ranks also include architects， historians， archaeologists， biologists， and a host of other experts who preserve and protect everything from George Washington's teeth to Thomas Edison's wax recording.
Modern society has brought the National Park Service both massive challenges and enormous opportunities. Satellite and computer technologies are expanding the educational possibilities of a national park beyond its physical boundaries. Cities struggling to revive their urban cores are turning to the Park Service for expert assistance to preserve their cultural heritage， thirsty for recreational outlets are also working with the NPS to turn abandoned railroad tracks into bike and hiking trails， as well as giving unused federal property new life as recreation centers.
To help meet these challenges and take advantage of these opportunities， the National Park Service had formed partnerships - some dating back 100 years， some only months old - with other agencies， state and local governments， corporations， American Indian tribes and Alaska Natives， Park Friends groups， cooperating associations， private organizations， community groups and individuals who share the National Park ethic.
National Park Week 1996 is a celebration of these partnerships.
1. Why are America's national parks like old friends?
A) Because they are always out there.
B) Because they are very old.
C) Because they make people feel better.
D) Because they are very famous.
2. Which of the following statements is true about uniformed rangers?
A) They take tourists to national parks.
B) They always act as tourist guides.
C) They help set up new national parks.
D) They protect the National Park System.
3. The National Park Service does all the following EXCEPT
A) offering help to visitors
B) molding the Nation.
C) keeping people better informed of the National Park System.
D) helping preserve the cultural heritage.
4. What is this passage about?
A) It is about the American National Parks.
B) It is about the National Park Service.
C) It is about the National Park Service partnerships.
D) It is about the care and preservation of the National Parks in America.
5. What will the paragraph following this passage most probably discuss?
A) The pocket parks in America，
B) The preparations made for the celebration of National Park Week 1996.
C) The work that has been done by the partners.
D) The preservation of national resources in America.
KEY：ADBBC
